Surgery Tours India: Kidney Cancer

Kidney Cancer April 16, 2018

Best Hospitals for Kidney Cancer Treatment in India

Kidney Cancer Treatment in India | Low Cost Kidney Cancer Treatment in India

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Kidney Cancer: An Overview

Kidney cancer is also known as renal cancer. It occurs when the cells in either of the kidney become cancerous and start to multiply rapidly. Usually, cancer in the kidney starts from the tubules that line the tiny tubes inside the kidney. Most cases of kidney cancer can be diagnosed before they metastasize and spread to nearby organs and other parts of the body. Therefore, this condition can be treated with great success rates.

Kidney Cancer Symptoms

Patients with kidney cancer may experience a combination of the following symptoms:

Loss of appetite

A lump that can be felt on the side or in the abdomen

Passing of blood in urine

Anemia

Fatigue and unexplained weight loss

Swelling in the feet

Unexplained fever that lasts for weeks

Who is more likely to get kidney cancer?

The exact cause of kidney cancer is not known. However, it most commonly affects people aged above 40. Being a male, weight issues, use of certain medications, hypertension, certain genetic conditions, smoking, and a family history of kidney cancer may increase the risk of kidney cancer.

Kidney Cancer Stages

There are different stages of kidney cancer, depending on the extent of the spread of tumor cells and the size of the tumor. Kidney cancer is categorized into the following stages:

Stage I: Tumor can reach up to 7 centimeters in diameter but remains confined to the kidney.

Stage II: Tumor is invariably larger than a Stage I tumor but still remain confined to the kidney.

Stage III: Tumor extends beyond the kidney to reach the surrounding tissue and may spread to lymph nodes as well.

Stage IV: Cancer spreads outside the kidney to distant organs or to multiple lymph nodes.

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Treatment Options for Kidney Cancer in India

Based on the diagnosis made and the stage and type of kidney cancer, the oncologist prepares a treatment plan that best suits the medical needs of the patient. They may decide to conduct any of the following treatments to remove or destroy the tumor in the kidney and the surrounding tissues/lymph nodes.

Surgery for Kidney Cancer in India

A surgical procedure is the standard choice for the treatment of kidney cancer. Some of the surgical procedures available for kidney cancer treatment in India include the following:

Simple nephrectomy in India: During this procedure, the oncosurgeon only removes the kidney affected by cancer. Patients with Stage I kidney cancer are usually treated with simple nephrectomy.
Radical nephrectomy in India: Most of the patients with kidney cancer are treated with radical nephrectomy. It involves the removal of the kidney, adrenal glands, adjacent lymph nodes, and the surrounding tissues that are at a risk of tumor growth. Surgeons usually perform this surgery by making a large incision to access the kidney. But it can be performed laparoscopically by making small incisions through which tiny surgical tools are inserted. A small video camera is also inserted to monitor the procedure and the movement of the surgical tools in the body of the patient.
Partial nephrectomy in India: Partial nephrectomy is also known as nephron-sparing surgery. It involves the removal of the part of the kidney affected by the tumor rather than the removal of the entire kidney. It is usually performed in the case of patients who have just one kidney left or in the cases where it is possible to retain the kidney tissues not affected by the tumor growth.

Arterial Embolization in India

Embolization is done to block the blood flow to the tumor cells. In many cases, it is done prior to the surgery to make it easier for the surgeons to conduct the procedure. The doctor inserts a special substance into the blood vessel that supplies blood to the kidney. This procedure is conducted with the help of a catheter. The blockage shrinks the tumor because it no longer receives oxygen and other substances for its growth and proliferation.

Cyberknife Treatment for Kidney Cancer

CyberKnife technology is a non-surgical system used for the treatment of tumors located in any part of the body, including kidneys. Cyberknife treatment is more effective than radiation therapy for the treatment of kidney cancer as the former can precisely target the tumor cells without affecting the healthy tissues.

CyberKnife system allows the surgeons to target tumors with high dosage radiation. Because the intensity of radiation is much greater than traditional radiation therapy, a fewer number of CyberKnife treatment sessions are required to eliminate the tumor completely.

Cryoablation in India

It is a new minimally invasive technique that is considered highly useful for the treatment of kidney tumors that cannot be removed with the help of the surgery. This therapy works by killing the cancerous cells under extremely low temperatures.

The surgeon inserts several special needles known as cryoprobes to insert the gas. Helium and argon gas circulates through the needles for several minutes lowering the temperature by up to -40 degree Celsius. The doctor uses CT guided approach to monitor the freezing of the cancerous tissues. Another gas is then used to warm the frozen tissues. This cycle is repeated multiple times to destroy the cancer cells by leading to their death.

Radiofrequency Ablation in India

This technique destroys the tumor cells through heating. Special needles are inserted through the skin to the cancer cells. An electric current is run through the needle to the site of the tumor growth. This causes these cells to burn out because of the heat generated by the electric current.
Safety and efficacy of this new technique are still a concern as there is limited long-term data available on radiofrequency ablation. But it may be kept as an option for the patients who cannot undergo a surgery.

Radiation Therapy in India

Radiation therapy is a technique used to kill cancer cells through highly powerful energy radiations. This therapy is also used to reduce or minimize the symptoms of kidney cancer that has spread to other body areas. A small number of patients also receive radiation therapy to shrink the size of the tumor prior to the surgery.

Chemotherapy for Kidney Cancer

Chemotherapy is not a popular type of treatment method used for killing cancer cells in the case of kidney cancer. It may, however, be sometimes used for the treatment of a certain type of kidney cancer and in the case of kidney cancer recurrence. Chemotherapy involves the use of cytotoxic drugs to kill cancer cells.

Targeted Therapy

Targeted therapy is a special treatment that helps manage kidney cancer by producing a specific action against the targeted site. This therapy involves the use of drugs and other chemicals. For example, one type of targeted therapy involves the use of drugs to manipulate the blood vessel that supplies blood to the tumor. The blood vessel is manipulated in a way that it no longer feeds the tumor cells, eventually leading to their death. Another type of targeted therapy alters the enzyme pathway through which cancer cells grow.

High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) for Kidney Cancer

HIFU is an extremely advanced cancer treatment most commonly used to manage prostate cancer. However, this technique is also sometimes used for the treatment of kidney cancer.
This advanced form of cancer treatment allows the radiation oncologists to focus high intensity of radiation beams to the target location to ablate the cancerous cells without affecting the nearby healthy tissues.
HIFU is currently being studied by researchers around the world for its effectiveness and uses in the treatment of kidney cancer. As of now, there is a little evidence supporting its efficacy.

Diagnosis of Kidney Cancer

Based on the set of symptoms that the patient could be experiencing, the oncologist may decide to order a few tests to confirm the presence or absence of kidney cancer. He or she may suggest a combination of the following diagnostic tests to confirm the presence of the cancerous cells in the kidney:

Urine and blood test: These tests are conducted to check for the presence of blood cells, cancer cells, or bacteria in the urine and the number of red blood cells (RBCs) in the sample of blood taken from the patient. These tests could indirectly indicate the presence of cancer cells in the kidney, but do not confirm the diagnosis.
CT scan: A computed tomography (CT) scan is a special imaging tool used to create a three-dimensional image of the internal body parts. It helps confirm the location and size of the tumor in the kidney. The doctor confirms the presence of a renal tumor by injecting a special dye in the vein of the patient and noticing its movement in a CT scan. The dye is taken up by cancer cells and they are indentified on the imaging screen.
Intravenous pyelogram: This test includes injection of a contrast dye to view the kidney, urethra, and the rest of the urinary tract through X-ray. The pictures of the kidneys and the nearby lymph nodes help identify the presence of tumor cells.
Biopsy: During this procedure, a sample of tissue from the kidney is taken and observed under a microscope. This helps identify the type, size, and stage of kidney cancer. A biopsy report is always required before the oncologist prepares a treatment plan.

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