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Wednesday, 16 May 2018

Prostate Cancer Treatment in India | Low Cost | Best Hospital | Surgery Tours India

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Prostate Cancer Treatment in India 

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Overview

Prostate Cancer is the most common malignancy in American men and the second leading cause of deaths from cancer, after lung cancer. According to the American Cancer Society’s most recent estimates that deaths from Prostate Cancer has tolled to 27,360 on a yearly basis in the country. As reflected in these numbers, prostate cancer is likely to impact the lives of a significant proportion of men that are alive today. Over the years, however, the death rate from this disease has shown a steady decline, and currently, more than 2 million men in the U.S. are still alive after being diagnosed withProstate Cancer at some point in their lives. Although it is subject to some controversy, many experts in this field, therefore, recommend that beginning at age 40, all men should undergo screening for prostate cancer.

What is Prostate Cancer?

Prostate cancer is a form of cancer that develops in the prostate, a gland in the male reproductive system. Most prostate cancers are slow growing; however, there are cases of aggressive prostate cancers. The cancer cells may metastasize (spread) from the prostate to other parts of the body, particularly the bones and lymph nodes. Prostate cancer may cause pain, difficulty in urinating, problems during sexual intercourse, or erectile dysfunction. Other symptoms can potentially develop during later stages of the disease.

Types of Prostate Cancer

There are many types of prostate cancer and the condition is often present in many different parts of the prostate. The precursor to prostate cancer is known as prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, this is also found in many different locations within the prostate. Although there are many different kinds of prostate cancer the vast majority (around 95%) are of the type known as adenocarcinoma. As this is the most wide spread from it has become synonymous with the term prostrate cancer.

Adenocarcinoma: The most common site of origin of prostate cancer is in the peripheral zone (the main glandular zone of the prostate). The term adenocarcinoma can be split up to derive its meaning. Adeno means ‘pertaining to a gland’, whilst Carcinoma relates to a cancer that develops in epithelial cells. The term epithelial simply relates to cells that surround body organs or glands. Aldara and basal cell carcinoma.

Small cell carcinoma: This kind of cancer is made up of small round cells, and typically forms at nerve cells. Small cell carcinoma is very aggressive in nature and as it does not lead to an increase in prostate specific antigens it can be somewhat harder to detect than adenocarcinoma; this usually means that it has reached an advanced form upon detection.

Squamous cell carcinoma: This is a non glandular cancer, like small cell carcinoma there is no increase in prostate specific antigens when this is present. Squamous cell carcinoma is very aggressive in nature. There are other, more rare, forms of prostate cancer these include sarcomas and transitional cell carcinoma; the latter rarely develops in the prostate but derives from primary tumours present in the bladder or urethra.

Causes of Prostate Cancer

The specific causes of Prostate Cancer remain unknown. The primary risk factors are age and family history. Prostate cancer is very uncommon in men younger than 45, but becomes more common with advancing age. The average age at the time of diagnosis is 70. However, many men never know they have prostate cancer. Men who have first-degree family members with prostate cancer appear to have doubled the risk of getting the disease compared to men without prostate cancer in the family. This risk appears to be greater for men with an affected brother than for men with an affected father.

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Symptoms of Prostate Cancer

Because of the prostate’s location in the body, prostate cancer is often accompanied by a number of unique symptoms. As the prostate enlarges due to cancer or another problem, the urethra is pinched tighter and tighter within the prostate. As the tube narrows, urine has a much harder time making its way through the urethra and out of the body. This results in four primary urinary symptoms:
  • Frequency: urinating much more often than normal.
  • Urgency: having a sensation that you need to urinate immediately.
  • Nocturia: getting up to urinate multiple times during the night.
  • Hesitancy: difficulty starting the urine stream.
All of these symptoms are a direct result of the urethra being pinched closed by the enlarged prostate. Other less common symptoms include:
  • Blood in the urine
  • Blood in the semen
  • New-onset erectile dysfunction (impotence)
  • Bone pain (especially in the lower back, hips, or ribs)
  • Loss of bladder control
These symptoms are less specific to problems with the prostate (meaning that problems with other organs such as the bladder can also cause them). However, they are important symptoms of which to be aware.

Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer

A Number Of Tests Are Performed For Diagnosing Prostate Cancer That Include:

Biopsy: Tissues or cells are removed so that they can be examined under a microscope. These tissues or cells are examined for seeing the presence of cancer cells. Biopsy procedures can be categorized into two types:
  • Transperineal Biopsy: A thin needle is inserted into the prostate through the skin in between the rectum and scrotum for removing a tissue from the prostate. The tissue is then examined under the microscope for viewing cancer cells.
  • Transrectal Biopsy: A thin needle is inserted through the rectum and into the prostate for removing the tissue. The working of the needle is guided by using Transrectal ultrasound procedure. The tissue is then examined under the microscope for viewing cancer cells.
Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): The insertion of a lubricated finger into the rectum in order to feel the prostate through the all of the rectal for abnormal areas or lumps.

Transrectal Ultrasound: The insertion of a probe that is of about a finger size is done into the rectum for checking the prostate. This procedure is also used at the time of a biopsy procedure.

Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: This test is performed for checking the level of prostate-specific antigen in the blood. Men who are suffering from prostate cancer have an increased amount of PSA in their blood. The levels of PSA can be high in those men who are suffering from BPH (enlarged and non-cancerous prostate), or inflammation or infection of the prostate.

Prostate Cancer Staging

Prostate cancer is staged according to the pathological findings from biopsy. Staging is a method to describe how advanced a cancer is. Prostate Cancer Staging is done in the following ways:
  • Stage I (or A): The cancer cannot be felt on a digital rectal exam, and there is no evidence that it has spread outside the prostate. These are often found incidentally after surgery for an enlarged prostate.
  • Stage II (or B): The tumor is larger than a stage I and can be felt on a digital rectal exam. There is no evidence that the cancer has spread outside the prostate. These are usually found on a biopsy when a man has an elevated PSA level.
  • Stage III (or C): The cancer has invaded other tissues neighboring the prostate.
  • Stage IV (or D): The cancer has spread to lymph nodes or to other organs.

Cancer Treatment in India
Cancer Treatment in India 

Preparing for Prostate Cancer Surgery

Preparing for surgery can be an immensely stressful time. You can try the following tips given as under:
  • Ask your doctor every question you have about the surgery, its potential complications, possible alternatives to surgery, and what you should expect in the days and weeks afterward. No topic or question is too small of an issue to discuss with your doctor.
  • Arrange everything with work, child care, family obligations, and every other part of your life well in advance of the scheduled surgery date. This will help you relax and will allow you more rest after surgery.
  • Having a positive attitude before and after surgery can go a long way towards easing your nerves beforehand and helping you get back to normal life afterward.
  • Your surgery has a set of known possible complications and your doctor can help you understand how likely any of these are to happen. It is important to start thinking about life after surgery, especially with regard to some of the more common complications.
  • Talking to others who have undergone the same or similar surgery can really help alleviate unfounded fears as well as prepare you for things that you might not have expected.
  • Stay active and healthy until surgery. Maintain a healthy, active lifestyle is important right up until the time of surgery.

What are the options for Prostate Cancer Treatment and Surgery in India?

High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU): It makes use of high frequency energy to heat and destroy cancer cells in the prostate gland.When these sound waves are concentrated on body tissues, the tissues heat up and die. Specialists target the area containing the cancer.It is an outpatient procedure generally performed under local or general anesthesia. As HIFU is non surgical, there is no incisions or blood loss and recovery is quick.

Robotic Surgery: Robotic surgery for prostate cancer removal is an advanced technique whereby the robotic arms hold the surgery tools. The advantages of this surgery type are very high precision in performing the surgery and reducing the risks associated with the surgery.

Cyber Knife Treatment: In this procedure, the patient lays still and breathes normally while the CyberKnife zeroes in on the prostate and irradiates it without harming surrounding areas. The procedure is more comfortable for patients, as radiation is given accurately and treatments are completed in four to five days.

Laser Surgery: This procedure has emerged as the top choice for most patients. It is minimally invasive as all work to open the prostate channel made through the penis, is done without an incision on the abdomen. This surgery helps patients urinate better and with a good stream. The patient is able to empty his bladder fully after the surgery.In Laser Surgery for Prostate cancer, the obstructive prostate tissue is vaporized by the directed laser beam.

Radical Prostatectom: It is the surgery done to remove the entire prostate and any nearby tissues like seminal vesicles and some nearby lymph nodes. Radical prostatectomy can be done as either open or laparoscopic surgery. The surgeon removes the prostate through a cut in the abdomen, or makes a series of small cuts instead of one larger cut. Sometimes prostate is removed through a cut in the area between the testicles and the back passage.After the prostate gland is taken out through an incision, a catheter is placed in the bladder to pass urine out of the body until the area heals.

Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy: A thin tube with a tiny camera is deployed. Small cuts are made near the tumor site, and thin tools remove the tumor and surrounding tissue. Patients are usually given general anesthesia that blocks nerve routes from the spine and numbs the area.

External beam Radiotherapy: This treatment deploys high radiation dose just on the area of the prostate gland. The whole of your prostate gland is treated along with an area of 1 to 2 centimetres around it.

Brachytherapy: Brachytherapy makes use of high dose of radiation reducing the risk of damage to nearby healthy tissue while destroying the tumor. Doctors place Brachytherapy seeds inside a body cavity or insert seeds into body tissue using hollow needles. It may be used alone or with radiation given externally. Radioactive seeds may be left permanently in place or removed after some time.

Hormone Therapy: Hormones occur naturally in your body and control the growth and activity of normal cells. Prostate gland cancer depends on the male hormone testosterone to grow. Lowering the amount of testosterone in the body can reduce the chance of an early prostate cancer coming back after treatment.

Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy involves drugs to kill cancer cells. It is used to treat prostate cancer that has spread to other parts of the body and is used mainly if hormone therapy is not controlling the cancer.

Cryotherapy: Cryotherapy uses an instrument to freeze and destroy abnormal tissue. Cryosurgery can be used to treat men who have early-stage prostate cancer that is confined to the prostate gland. It is less well established than standard prostatectomy and various types of radiation therapy. Long-term outcomes are not known. Because it is effective only in small areas, cryosurgery is not used to treat prostate cancer that has spread outside the gland, or to distant parts of the body.

Recovering from Prostate Cancer Treatment and Surgery India.
  • A catheter will remain in place until your surgeon believes it should be removed, typically for 24 hours.
  • Patients can return to full activity within 4 weeks of the procedure. Recovery is faster for outpatient procedures, say one week.
  • Preventing infection in the incision helps reduce any scars you may have and decrease risk of complications in the weeks following surgery.
  • Incontinence is common for men after the surgery and it is common to have a catheter in place for the first week after surgery.
  • Risk of erectile dysfunction and impotence after surgery is significant, especially during the time immediately following surgery.

Prostate Cancer Surgery in India

India has been recognized as a new global medical destination for Prostate Cancer Surgery. Thousands of foreign patients from all across the world come to India for medical treatments and surgeries of high quality delivered as practiced in the developed nations like the US, UK and that too within their budget costs.

The Indian Oncologists performing different procedures of Prostate Cancer Surgery in India are highly qualified, skilled with many years of experience and are affiliated with many renowned medical organizations. India provides the services through most leading doctors and Prostate Cancer Surgery surgeons.

The Cancer Hospitals in India are well equipped with the most advanced medical treatment and methodologies. They have the most extensive diagnostic and imaging facilities including Asia’s most advanced MRI and CT technology.

What is Cost of Prostate Cancer Treatment and Surgery in India?

India offers outstanding Prostate Cancer Treatment and Surgery at one-third of that prevailing in USA or UK rates. Even with travel expenses taken into account, the comprehensive medical tourism packages still provide a savings measured in the thousands of dollars for major procedures.

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